Balancing Universality and Cultural Diversity in the Search for Inclusive Moral Frameworks

Abstract

Purpose. The article aims to draw the attention of researchers to the creation of an ethical framework that harmoniously incorporates universal principles and cultural diversity taking into account the rights and dignity of every individual as a key actor in ethical discussions. It argues that an effective ethical framework gives the opportunity to each person to take part in moral deliberations and ethical decision-making. Theoretical basis. The article, based on the approach of Kant, Rolls, Singer and others, insists on the need to define and agree on the universal principles. They should form the basis of all subsequent ethical discussions. The protection of personal identity is emphasized through intercultural sensitivity (Herskovits, Benedict). People with diverse cultural contexts should be included in ethical debates. The importance in research of the flexibility of ethical concepts in accordance with the cosmopolitanism of Appiah and the approach to the capabilities of Nussbaum is also emphasized. Ethical theories need to balance between cultural pluralism and universality. Cultural sensitivity in ethical theories must recognize, respect, and give space to other moralities, paving the way for the formulation of open ethical theories. Anthropological and philosophical insights contribute to achieving the necessary balance between core principles and flexibility to create avenues for dialogue and consensus. Finally, while attempting to achieve universality, cultural sensitivity, and adaptability, ethical frameworks in an interconnected world should apply the principles across various societies, respect diversity in values, and take into account changes in those societies. Originality. The article outlines the contours of a possible balanced approach emphasizing universality as the central core of ethical theory and cross-cultural sensitivity, flexibility, and adaptability. That allows each person to preserve identity and feel to be involved in ethics. Conclusions. The article demonstrated that it is necessary to promote such qualities as understanding cultural specificity, empathy for other cultures and cooperation in solving moral dilemmas on the path towards ethical excellence. Only a balanced approach that combines universal principles and takes into account cultural diversity recognizes the rights and dignity of each person and transcends cultural differences.