The Interpretation of Husserl’s Time-Consciousness in the Reconstruction of the Concept of Anthropic Time. Part One

V. B. Khanzhy; D. M. Lyashenko

doi:10.15802/ampr.v0i23.283627

Authors

V. B. Khanzhy Odessa National Medical University, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2441-094X
D. M. Lyashenko National University "Odessa Maritime Academy", Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5043-6211

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15802/ampr.v0i23.283627

Keywords:

Edmund Husserl, anthropological paradigm of time, grasping-from-now, epoché, intentionality of consciousness, ability of human consciousness, temporal phases, retention, recollection, perception, concept of anthropic time

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to comprehend the Husserlian model of constituting temporal modes through the ability of intentional "retentional-protentional" consciousness, as well as to clarify the possibility of interpreting its positions in the reconstruction of the concept of anthropic time. Theoretical basis. The theoretical framework of the research includes: 1) the interpretation of the phenomenological reflection of "time-consciousness" by E. Husserl in the context of solving the problem of phased-differentiation of this form of temporality; 2) the concept of anthropic time (V. Khanzhy). Originality. For the first time in research literature, the possibilities of applying the ideas of Husserl to the reconstruction of the concept of anthropic time are considered through the interpretation of the phenomenological solution to the problem of temporality, proposed and specified in Husserl’s "time-consciousness" concept. Conclusions. The comprehension of the Husserlian model of intentionality of consciousness through the "grasping-from-now" and the constitution of phases of phenomenological time through the component of "exiting-from-now" showed that solving the problem of phased-differentiation of phenomenological time leads to the observation of the impossibility of isolating the modes of past, present, and future as self-sufficient and unconditional. More accurate indications, based on the constitutive intentionality of consciousness on the "grasping-from-now" phases of time (as conventional), are as follows: a) the abilities of retention and recollection are the foundation for the constitution of the past and its connections to the present; b) the perception establishes the basis for the phase of the present itself; c) the possibilities of protention and anticipation (as forms of imagination) constitute the future and its connections to the present. By the concept of retention, Husserl fixes a certain primary memory (the present "now" of a past interval), which enables retaining the past in the present. The category of recollection or secondary memory is used by the philosopher to refer to the self-sufficient reproduction of past experiences (without being joined to present perception). The fundamental difference between recollection and retention is that the former re-presents a temporal interval, grasping its content and reproducing it as it was in the past, while in the latter, the perceived duration is presented as a fragment of time that has just passed. According to the German philosopher, the "grasping" of the present phase is performed by perception. Through the constitutive intentionality of consciousness, perception synthesizes the results of primary-actual activity and retentional holding of duration. The second part of the article will present solutions to the following research tasks: 1) analysis of the possibilities of protention and anticipation in constituting the future and its connections with the present; 2) understanding the possibility of using interpreted forms of Husser’s ideas in reconstructing the concept of anthropic time.

References

Almäng, J. (2021). A problem for extensional theories of time-consciousness. Synthese, 199(5-6), 14865-14880. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-021-03446-4 (in English)

Aristotle. (1991). Physics. In J. Barnes (Ed.), The Complete Works of Aristotle (Vol. 1, pp. 315-446). Princeton: Princeton University Press. (in English)

Armstrong, D. M. (2012). Sketch for a Systematic Metaphysics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (in English)

Dainton, B. (2000). Stream of Consciousness. Unity and Continuity in Conscious Experience. Routledge. (in English)

Dainton, B. (2011). Time, Passage, And Immediate Experience. In C. Callender (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Time (pp. 382-419). Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199298204.003.0013 (in English)

Dorato, M., & Wittmann, M. (2020). The phenomenology and cognitive neuroscience of experienced temporality. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 19(4), 747-771. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11097-019-09651-4 (in English)

Gallagher, S. (2017). Enactivist Interventions: Rethinking the Mind. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (in English)

Gallagher, S., & Zahavi, D. (2012). The Phenomenological Mind. Routledge. (in English)

Huang, D. (2022). Towards a dialethic theory of time-consciousness. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 21(1), 137-159. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11097-021-09787-2 (in English)

Husserl, E. (1928). Edmund Husserls Vorlesungen zur Phänomenologie des inneren Zeitbewußtseins (M. Heidegger, Ed.). In E. Husserl (Ed.), Jahrbuch für Philosophie und phänomenologische Forschung (Vol. 9, pp. 367-498). Halle an der Saale: Max Niemeyer Verlag. (in German)

Husserl, E. (1960). Cartesian Meditations: An Introduction to Phenomenology (D. Cairns, Trans.). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. (in English)

Husserl, E. (1970). The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology: An Introduction to Phenomenological Philosophy (D. Carr, Trans.). Evanston: Northwestern University Press. (in English)

Husserl, E. (1983). Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy: First Book: General Introduction to a Pure Phenomenology (F. Kersten, Trans.). Springer. (in English)

Husserl, E. (1991). On the phenomenology of the consciousness of internal time (1893-1917) (J. B. Brough, Trans.). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. (in English)

Husserl, E. (1994). Sobranie sochinenii: Fenomenologiya vnutrennego soznaniya vremeni (V. I. Molchanov, Ed., Vol. 1). Moscow: Gnozis. (in Russian)

Husserl, E. (2001). Analyses Concerning Passive and Active Synthesis: Lectures on Transcendental Logic (A. J. Steinbock, Trans.). Dordrecht: Springer. (in English)

Khanzhy, V. B. (2014). Paradigmy vremeni: ot ontologicheskogo k antropologicheskomu ponimaniyu: Monografiya. Kherson: Grin D. S. (in Russian)

Khmil, V. V., & Popovych, I. S. (2019). Philosophical and Psychological Dimensions of Social Expectations of Personality. Anthropological Measurements of Philosophical Research, (16), 55-65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15802/ampr.v0i16.187540 (in English)

Lyashenko, D. (2019, September). Towards a metaphysical neutrality of the neurophenomenological and neurophilosophical approaches of consciousness study. In Relevant issues of the development of science in Central and Eastern European countries: Proceedings of the international scientific conference (pp. 169-172). Riga: Baltija publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-588-11-2_57 (in English)

Lyashenko, D. (2021). The System Study of Consciousness: The Problem of Adequacy. In Development of Scientific, Technological and Innovation Space in Ukraine and EU Countries (3rd ed., pp. 340-365). Riga: Baltija publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-151-0-45 (in English)

Malivskyi, A. M. (2016). Anthropological Descartes’ Rationalism and it’s Husserl’s Reception. Anthropological Measurements of Philosophical Research, (9), 96-104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15802/ampr2016/72242 (in Ukrainian)

McTaggart, J. M. E. (2001). Time. In M. J. Loux (Ed.), Metaphysics: Contemporary Readings (pp. 260-271). London: Routledge. (in English)

Okorokov, V. B. (2022). On the purity of European consciousness in the existential anthropology of early M. Heidegger. Anthropological Measurements of Philosophical Research, (21), 137-150. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15802/ampr.v0i21.260495 (in English)

Symchych, M. (2012). Problema Bozhoho vseznannia u konteksti analitychnoi metafizyky chasu. Filosofska dumka, (3), 69-77. (in Ukrainian)

Thompson, E. (2011). Mind in Life: Biology, Phenomenology, and the Sciences of Mind. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. (in English)

Varela, F., Rosch, E., & Thompson, E. (2017). The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience (Revised ed.). Cambridge: The MIT Press. (in English)

Zahavi, D. (2003). Husserl’s Phenomenology. Stanford: Stanford University Press. (in English)

Zahavi, D. (2017). Husserl’s Legacy: Phenomenology, Metaphysics, and Transcendental Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (in English)

Zaporozhan, V. N., Donnikova, I. A., & Khanzhy, V. B. (2020). Mezhdu dobrom i zlom: nravstvennoe samoopredelenie cheloveka: Monografiya. Odessa: Odessa National Medical University. (in Russian)