Principles of Discourse Ethics and Human Existence in Times of War

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15802/ampr.v0i23.283589

Keywords:

person, human existence, discourse ethics, war, discourse, communication, responsibility, co-responsibility

Abstract

Purpose. The authors of this paper seek to comprehend, on the basis of ethics of discourse and communicative philosophy, the dimensions of human existence in times of war. This involves solving the following research tasks: to show the importance of moral and ethical norms in the structure of human existence and to emphasize the need for their observance by a person in the realities of war; to find out what the role of responsibility and co-responsibility is in preserving the space of human existence in times of war; to explore the influence of discourse on the establishment of rational and social dimensions of human existence, formation of communicative space of understanding. Theoretical basis. The ideas of communicative philosophy and principles of discourse ethics, focused on the problems of substantiating ethical norms and values in their relationship with the human life world, and its activities are underlying the research. The analysis of human existence in times of war was carried out considering the theoretical and methodological foundations of philosophical anthropology. Originality. It is substantiated that the recognition of the universality of moral norms and values, and the productive power of communication contribute to deepening the understanding of the complexity and versatility of human existence in times of war. It has been determined that human existence’s rational and moral dimensions acquire particular significance in the context of russian aggression against Ukraine. The role of discourse was defined for affirming the humanistic foundations of human existence, in achieving cohesion, interaction, social solidarity, which is a condition for human development as a collective and unique being. It is noted that in war conditions the value of individual forms of human existence is complemented by the obligatory responsibility and co-responsibility for a person, awareness of the significance of coexistence in a situation where there is a threat to human life. Conclusions. The study of human existence involves the use of the methodological potential of discourse ethics, the significance of the ideas of which is increasing in the modern world because of the dangers caused by russian aggression against Ukraine. The recognition of the power of universal moral norms and the productive power of communication results in the affirmation of the humanistic foundations of human existence, the formation of the communicative space of understanding and consent necessary for a person. In times of war, the need for communicative rationalization of human existence, awareness of the value of morality and human humanity becomes obvious.

References

Apel, K.-O. (1973a). Transformation der Philosophie: Das Apriori der Kommunikationsgemeinshaft (Vol. 1). Frankfurt am Main. (in German)

Apel, K.-O. (1973b). Transformation der Philosophie: Das Apriori der Kommunikationsgemeinshaft und die Grundlagen der Ethik (Vol. 2). Frankfurt am Main. (in German)

Apel, K.-O. (1999a). Die Situation des Menschen als ethisches Problem (A. Yermolenko, Trans.). In A. M. Yermolenko, Komunikatyvna praktychna filosofiia (pp. 231-254). Kyiv: Libra. (in Ukrainian)

Apel, K.-O. (1999b). Diskursethik als politische Verantwortungsethik in der gegenwärtigen Weltsituation (A. Yermolenko, Trans.). In A. M. Yermolenko, Komunikatyvna praktychna filosofiia (pp. 395-412). Kyiv: Libra. (in Ukrainian)

Apel, K.-O. (2009). Diskurs und Verantwortung: Das Problem des Übergangs zur postkonventionellen Moral (V. Kuplin, Trans.). Kyiv: Dukh i Litera. (in Ukrainian)

Böhler, D. (2014). Vidpovidalnist za maibutnie z hlobalnoi perspektyvy. Aktualnist filosofii Hansa Yonasa ta etyky dyskursu (A. Yermolenko, Trans.). Kyiv: Stylos. (in Ukrainian)

Böhler, D. (2017). Rozmysly shchodo nashoho osereddia v umovakh zovnishnikh i vnutrishnikh zahroz. Philosophical Thought, (2), 54-56. (in Ukrainian)

Böhler, D. (2022). Unity of mind and its differentiation according to Karl-Otto Apel. Philosophical Thought, (2), 7-22. (in Ukrainian)

Bystrytsky, Y., & Sytnichenko, L. (2022). Philosophy and discourse of war: conflict of worlds as the limit of Jurgen Habermas’s communicative theory. Philosophical Thought, (3), 64-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/fd2022.03.064 (in Ukrainian)

Bystrytsky, Y., Zymovets, R., & Proleiev, S. (2020). Komunikatsiia i kultura v hlobalnomu sviti. Kyiv: Dukh i Litera. (in Ukrainian)

Habermas, J. (1981). Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns: Handlungsrationalität und gesellschaftliche Rationalisierung (Vol. 1). Frankfurt am Main. (in German)

Habermas, J. (2000a). Moralbewusstsein und kommunikatives Handeln (D. Skliadnev, Trans.). St. Petersburg: Nauka. (in Russian)

Habermas, J. (2000b). Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit: Untersuchungen zu einer Kategorie der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft (A. Onyshko, Trans.). Lviv: Litopys. (in Ukrainian)

Habermas, J. (2001). Der philosophische Diskurs der Moderne (V. Kuplin, Trans.). Kyiv: Chetverta khvylia. (in Ukrainian)

Hösle, V. (2003). Praktische Philosophie in der modernen Welt (A. Yermolenko, Trans.). Kyiv: Libra. (in Ukrainian)

Kultaieva, M. (2022). Karl-Otto Apel: the art of living in the modus of the discourse ethics. Philosophical Thought, (2), 52-65. (in Ukrainian)

Sytnichenko, L. A. (1996). Pershodzherela komunikatyvnoi filosofii. Kyiv: Lybid. (in Ukrainian)

Yermolenko, A. M. (1999). Komunikatyvna praktychna filosofiia. Kyiv: Libra. (in Ukrainian)

Yermolenko, A. M. (2021). Dyskurs. Komunikatsiia. Moralnist. Kyiv: Naukova dumka. (in Ukrainian)

Yermolenko, A. (2022). Karl-Otto Apel’s ethics of discourse as the "first philosophy" of the third paradigm. Philosophical Thought, (2), 22-38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/fd2022.02.023 (in Ukrainian)

Downloads

Published

2023-06-30

How to Cite

Petruk, N. K., & Gapchenko, O. V. (2023). Principles of Discourse Ethics and Human Existence in Times of War. Anthropological Measurements of Philosophical Research, (23), 44–54. https://doi.org/10.15802/ampr.v0i23.283589

Issue

Section

SOCIAL ASPECT OF HUMAN BEING