On the Problem of Defining the Concept of "Worldview" in Modern Philosophical Anthropology: Methodological Aspects

Abstract

Purpose. The authors aim to investigate the genesis and evolution of the concept of "worldview" in different methodological paradigms. Theoretical basis. The study is based on modern Western and domestic research and methodological approaches to defining the concept of "worldview". Originality. The originality lies in the first systematic analysis of the history and subsequent transformations of the concept of "Weltanschauung" in the Ukrainian academic space. The article systematizes the most prominent definitions of this concept for the first time. Special attention is paid to the definition of the concept of "worldview" in Ukrainian philosophical anthropology. For the first time, the role of the concept of "Weltanschauung" in the constitutional law of Germany is analyzed and the reasons and meaning of the introduction of this term into the Constitution of Ukraine are established. Conclusions. The concept of "worldview" has a centuries-old intellectual history, acquiring particular importance in German classical philosophy; it gradually expanded its scope from metaphysics and ethics to philosophical and socio-cultural anthropology, psychology, cultural studies, etc. W. Dilthey laid the foundation for the interpretation of "Weltanschauung" in modern philosophical anthropology, showing that a worldview is formed not only by intellectual activity, but also by life experience, value orientations and behavioural practices. His typology of worldviews became the methodological basis for anthropological research in the European tradition. The further development of the concept testified to its universalist character, but at the same time the danger of ideological manipulation, which was especially evident in the totalitarian ideologies of the twentieth century. In modern philosophical and socio-cultural anthropology, the concept of "worldview" reflects a multidimensional projective phenomenon that combines cognitive, value and behavioural aspects. It is an important factor in the formation of a democratic society, which is enshrined in the constitutional norms of Germany, Switzerland and Ukraine. The definitions we have considered have different orientations, but what they have in common is the emphasis on fundamental beliefs, cognitive assumptions, values and patterns of behaviour. For Ukrainian philosophical anthropology, it is a key concept, providing a methodological basis for the humanities in the era of global transformations.