The Anthropological Turn in Human Activity: Challenges and Strategies of Modernity

Abstract

Purpose. The article provides a socio-philosophical and philosophical-anthropological analysis of transformations in human activity amid global instability and contemporary technological and value changes. The study aims to clarify how normative systems (constitutions, international law) and public discourses shape the horizons of possible human action and define appropriate modes of activity in the modern world. Theoretical basis. The theoretical framework synthesizes philosophical-anthropological, socio-philosophical, sociological, and economic concepts. The study applies a systemic approach, the principle of dialectical ascent from the abstract to the concrete, and a comparative analysis of forms of civic activity and national models of constitutional provisions in leading states. It examines the evolution of the understanding of human activity: from critiques of liquid modernity and power mechanisms, through the problematization of irrationality, to its instrumentalization in the concepts of emotional intelligence and the creative economy. Originality. The study’s originality lies in revealing the philosophical-anthropological dimension of normative and economic discourses, which are usually considered primarily in institutional terms. The paper offers a critical analysis of the gap between declared values and actual practices, demonstrating how public discourses and elite narratives shape the normative model of a "successful" individual while masking structural constraints on freedom of action. Conclusions. It is argued that the answer to the question "how to act today" cannot be reduced to technocratic or adaptive strategies. It requires a combination of critical reflection, humanistic values, social responsibility, and the capacity to act simultaneously across personal, institutional, and global dimensions.